New rail connection between Finland and Sweden possible by 2025

Rail electrification between Finland and Sweden completed – passenger service in planning

A direct train connection between Finland and Sweden could become a reality by late 2025. Following the successful electrification of the Laurila–Tornio–Haparanda railway line, only the implementation of passenger traffic remains. The goal is to establish a continuous rail connection from Helsinki to Stockholm and further into Europe.

The modernization of the final 22-kilometer section between Laurila (Finland) and Haparanda (Sweden) was recently completed. In addition to electrification, railway crossings have been secured, bridges widened, and new passenger platforms built in Tornio and Haparanda.

The total investment amounts to approximately 37 million euros, funded by Finland, Sweden, and EU subsidies. Finland is covering the majority of the costs, while Sweden is contributing around seven million euros.

Outstanding issues before implementation

Despite the completed infrastructure upgrades, there is still no final agreement on funding passenger rail services. According to Minister of Transport Lulu Ranne, a study on the implementation options is in its final phase. A key issue is whether public funding will be provided, as ticket-based train services alone are generally not financially viable in Finland.

The choice of an operator is also still pending. Finnish state railway VR and the private company Suomen Lähijunat have both expressed interest in running services on the route. The decision could influence the timeline, with optimistic estimates suggesting operations could begin by late 2025 or early 2026.

Connecting Finland to the European rail network

A functioning train connection between Finland and Sweden would enable direct rail travel from Helsinki to Stockholm, with links to the broader European rail network. Since 2021, Sweden has reintroduced passenger services from Haparanda to Luleå and further to Boden, where travelers can continue south or towards Narvik (Norway).

In the long term, the route could also serve strategic defense and emergency transport purposes, a topic already discussed between Finnish President Alexander Stubb and Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre.

Challenge: different track gauges

A key technical challenge remains the different track gauges. Finland and Estonia use the Russian gauge (1524 mm), while Sweden and most of Europe use standard gauge (1435 mm). However, a bogie exchange facility at Tornio station allows for the changing of wheelsets, making a continuous train connection possible.

Although many questions remain, the completed electrification signals strong intent to improve rail connectivity between Finland and Sweden. The next steps will depend on political decisions regarding funding and operational agreements to launch passenger services.

More on the rail network between Finland and Sweden.

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